What is CDDY? -Its Prevalence and Link to IVDD

When choosing a smaller dog breed like a Poodle mix or a Cavalier, health concerns often top the list of priorities. One condition that has gained attention in recent years is CDDY, a genetic factor linked to spinal issues in dogs. The test for CDDY only came out in late 2020. For owners of small breeds especially, understanding CDDY and its connection to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is important for making informed decisions about their pets' health.

What is CDDY?

CDDY stands for Chondrodystrophy, a genetic mutation affecting cartilage development in dogs. This mutation influences the shape and structure of the spine, particularly the intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae. Dogs with the CDDY mutation tend to have slightly shorter legs and a predisposition to early degeneration of these discs.

The mutation is especially relevant in toy breeds with shorter limbs and compact bodies, including the breeds we use and love to make our Cavapoo puppies and King Bernedoodle puppies.

How Common is CDDY in Small Poodle Breeds and Cavaliers?

Research shows that CDDY is quite common in small toy breeds, which explains why these dogs often have the characteristic shorter legs and compact build. Studies have found that a significant percentage in toy breeds carry the mutation. Some breeders do not consider CDDY a health concern because it is so prevelant in some toy breeds that is near impossible to breed it out of. For example for the dogs we breed:

• Small Poodles and Cavapoos: Almost all small Poodles and their mixes, including Cavapoos, carry the CDDY mutation.

• Cavaliers: While Cavaliers are not as heavily affected as Poodles, 2 copies of CDDY is inherant in all Cavaliers and that is what makes breeding CDDY out of Cavapoos so tricky is because both the small Poodle and Cavalier carry CDDY. This is where the benefit of breeding multigenerational Cavapoos and King Bernedoodles comes in. When breeding Cavapoo to Cavapoo or Cavapoo to Bernedoodle the chances are higher of producing puppies with less copies of CDDY.

• Mini Bernedoodles: Although Mini Bernedoodles are a mix of Bernese Mountain Dogs and Miniature Poodles, the presence of the small Poodle gene means more often than not that the Mini Bernedoodles will have a copy of CDDY. Multigenerational Mini Bernedoodles will have a greater chance of only having one copy of CDDY or being clear if bred intentionally at this stage.

  
  

The prevalence of CDDY varies by breeds, and bloodline. Since the ability to test for CDDY is fairly new it is still very common for most small breeds to still carry 1 to 2 copies of CDDY at this point. Responsible breeders test for this mutation and plan breeding pairs carefully to try to breed out CDDY over time, as much as possible depending on size of dogs produced and the prevelance of the CDDY in those breeds, while also being aware to not inbreed causing more issues. This is why breeding out CDDY takes time. Breeders are encouraged to hold back puppies that are better than the parents to breed out CDDY overtime, rather than just finding or producing a few clear dogs and over using them to the point of bottle necking the breed and causing new problems from inbreeding that can easily happen among programs.

What Does CDDY Mean for IVDD Risk?

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a painful condition where the discs between vertebrae deteriorate or herniate, causing nerve compression and mobility issues. This is a condition that can affect any dog with or without a copy of CDDY. The earliest it usually onsets is 8 years old. Dogs with CDDY are slightly more prone to IVDD because their discs can degenerate earlier than those without the mutation.

How Often Does CDDY Cause IVDD?

While CDDY increases the risk of IVDD, not all dogs with the mutation develop the disease. Factors such as lifestyle, weight, activity level, and overall health also play roles.

Owners of dogs that carry a copy of CDDY should be aware that while CDDY raises the risk, it does not guarantee IVDD. Preventive care, such as maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding excessive jumping or rough play, can reduce the chances of disc problems. Most dogs with copies of CDDY go their whole lives without developing IVDD.

Signs of IVDD to Watch For in Small Breeds

Recognizing IVDD early can make a big difference in treatment outcomes. Common signs include:

• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs

• Stiffness or pain when moving

• Weakness or wobbliness in the back legs

• Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases

• Crying out in pain when touched on the back

  
  

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, consult a veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis can lead to better management through medication, physical therapy, or surgery if needed.

What Can Puppy Buyers and Dog Owners Do?

For those interested in a dog breed that may carry CDDY, here are some practical steps to reduce the risk of CDDY-related IVDD:

• Ask breeders about genetic testing: Responsible breeders test parent dogs for CDDY and pair responsibly trying to breed out CDDY overtime. Avoid the CDPA gene which is often confused with CDDY. CDPA is a seperate gene that gives dogs dwarf short legs and the appearance of a longer back and puts more strain on the back.

• Choose puppies from healthy bloodlines: Look for dogs with no history of spinal problems.

• Maintain a healthy weight: Extra weight puts more strain on the spine.

• Limit high-impact activities: Avoid excessive jumping or rough play that stresses the back.

• Schedule regular vet check-ups: Early detection of spinal issues improves outcomes.

  
  

Final Thoughts on CDDY and IVDD in Small Breeds

CDDY is a genetic mutation that plays a role in the spinal health of smaller beloved breeds. While it does increase the risk of IVDD, it does not guarantee the disease. Understanding this connection helps puppy buyers and dog lovers make better choices and take preventive steps. It is important to always look at the whole picture of a puppy you are considering. The longer I breed the more I realize there is no such thing as a perfect dog just like there is no such thing as a perfect person. Consider all the pros and cons of a puppy, it's health in all aspects, temperament, size, coat texture, coloring, etc. Make sure to ask your breeder to see parents genetic health testing as well as OFA health testing to get the full picture.

If you are considering a Cavapoo puppy or already have one, ask about CDDY testing and stay vigilant for signs of IVDD. With proper care and attention, many and most dogs with this mutation live happy, active lives. Taking these precautions supports your dog’s long-term health and strengthens the bond you share.